Privacy-Preserving Technologies: Homomorphic Encryption and Secure Multi-Party Computation

Abstract: With the increasing concerns over data privacy in cloud computing, healthcare, finance, and IoT, privacy-preserving technologies have gained significant attention. Among these, homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure multi-party computation (SMPC) stand out as powerful cryptographic techniques that enable computations on encrypted data without exposing sensitive information. This paper explores the principles, advancements, and real-world applications of HE and SMPC, comparing their strengths and limitations. We also discuss challenges in scalability, performance, and adoption, along with emerging trends in privacy-preserving computation.