Determination of confinement regime boundaries via separatrix parameters on Alcator C-Mod based on a model for interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence

Abstract The separatrix operational space (SepOS) model (Eich and Manz 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 086017) is shown to predict the L–H transition, the L-mode density limit, and the ideal magnetohydrodynamic ballooning limit in terms of separatrix parameters for a wide range of Alcator C-Mod plasmas. The model is tested using Thomson scattering measurements across a wide range of operating conditions on C-Mod, spanning <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo accent="true">―</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> 0.3–5.5 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> m −3 , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> –8.0 T, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> = 0.1–1.2 T. An empirical regression for the electron pressure gradient scale length, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , against a turbulence control parameter, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and the poloidal fluid gyroradius, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , is constructed for H-modes and found to require positive exponents for both regression parameters, indicating turbulence widening of near-scrape-off layer widths at high <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and an inverse scaling with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , consistent with results on ASDEX Upgrade. The SepOS model is also tested in the unfavorable drift direction and found to apply well to all three boundaries, including the L–H transition as long as a correction to the Reynolds energy transfer term, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>RS</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is applied. I-modes typically exist in the unfavorable drift direction for values of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Finally, an experiment studying the transition between the Type-I ELMy and EDA H-mode is analyzed using the same framework. It is found that a recently identified boundary at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>

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Journal
Nuclear Fusion
Published
2025-04-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adc9c3
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Magnetic confinement fusion research
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3.74

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article

Determination of confinement regime boundaries via separatrix parameters on Alcator C-Mod based on a model for interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence

D. Silvagni, S. Mordijck, A.Q. Kuang, George Tynan et al.
2 citations
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Magnetic confinement fusion research
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article

Determination of confinement regime boundaries via separatrix parameters on Alcator C-Mod based on a model for interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence

D. Silvagni, S. Mordijck, A.Q. Kuang, George Tynan, J. W. Hughes, M.A. Miller, O. Grover, P. Mänz, Jamie Dunsmore, T. Body, A. Cavallaro, A. Hubbard, M. Wigram, T. Eich, D.G. Whyte, B. LaBombard
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Abstract The separatrix operational space (SepOS) model (Eich and Manz 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 086017) is shown to predict the L–H transition, the L-mode density limit, and the ideal magnetohydrodynamic ballooning limit in terms of separatrix parameters for a wide range of Alcator C-Mod plasmas. The model is tested using Thomson scattering measurements across a wide range of operating conditions on C-Mod, spanning <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo accent="true">―</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> 0.3–5.5 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>20</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> m −3 , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> –8.0 T, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> = 0.1–1.2 T. An empirical regression for the electron pressure gradient scale length, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , against a turbulence control parameter, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and the poloidal fluid gyroradius, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , is constructed for H-modes and found to require positive exponents for both regression parameters, indicating turbulence widening of near-scrape-off layer widths at high <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and an inverse scaling with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , consistent with results on ASDEX Upgrade. The SepOS model is also tested in the unfavorable drift direction and found to apply well to all three boundaries, including the L–H transition as long as a correction to the Reynolds energy transfer term, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>RS</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is applied. I-modes typically exist in the unfavorable drift direction for values of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Finally, an experiment studying the transition between the Type-I ELMy and EDA H-mode is analyzed using the same framework. It is found that a recently identified boundary at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>

Nuclear FusionVol. 65(5)
William & Mary (US), University of California San Diego (US), Universität Greifswald (DE), Fusion (United States) (US), Plasma Technology (United States) (US), Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (DE), Fusion Academy (US), Commonwealth Fund (US)
U.S. Department of Energy, EUROfusion, European Commission, Euratom Research and Training Programme, Fusion Energy Sciences
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Magnetic confinement fusion research
3.74
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