Examining the influence of mHealth interventions on quality of life among individuals living with HIV or hypertension: A systematic narrative review

The coexistence of communicable diseases like HIV and non-communicable diseases such as hypertension poses significant global health challenges. For individuals managing chronic conditions, maintaining a good Quality of Life (QoL) is essential. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions, propelled by the extensive use of mobile technologies, present innovative approaches to healthcare. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize existing definitions, frameworks, facilitators and barriers to scaling-up health innovation in low-middle-income-countries (LMICs). We conducted a thorough search across major databases from January 2000 to January 2024, focusing on mHealth interventions targeting HIV and/or hypertension. Peer-reviewed studies employing validated QoL instruments, available in full text and published in English were included. Out of 5082 initially identified articles, 18 met the inclusion criteria after the exclusion of duplicates and irrelevant studies. Our thematic synthesis categorized the studies according to the type of mHealth intervention, and its impact on patients with HIV and/or hypertension, and identified broader trends, challenges, and recommendations. Intervention strategies varied, ranging from simple text reminders and interactive platforms like WeChat to comprehensive telehealth solutions and personalized coaching programs. The impact of mHealth on the QoL of people with HIV showed a spectrum from positive to neutral, influenced by factors such as technology used and patient demographics. For hypertensive patients, mHealth interventions generally improved QoL, although some studies reported neutral impacts. Key trends highlighted the importance of personalization and user engagement in correlating with improved QoL outcomes. Challenges identified included participant dropout, privacy issues, software malfunctions, time constraints, and the difficulty of catering to diverse patient needs. A notable hindrance to evaluating intervention effectiveness was the inconsistency in outcome measurement tools used across studies. mHealth interventions demonstrate potential in improving QoL for individuals living with HIV and/or hypertension. Optimizing these interventions and their integration into existing healthcare systems is essential for maximizing benefits. However, addressing barriers to equitable access and overcoming challenges is crucial for the effective adoption and efficacy of mHealth solutions across these populations.