Research progress and prospects of genetically encoded neuromodulator sensors

With the advancement of neuroscience research, genetically encoded neuromodulator sensors have become essential tools for monitoring the dynamic changes of neuromodulators because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, high cell specificity, and low invasiveness.This review summarizes the recent design principles, optimization strategies, and significant progress of genetically encoded neuromodulator sensors, and discusses the future directions for neuromodulator sensor development.The article aims to provide new insights for the advancement of neuromodulator sensor technology.