Optimisation of FDA Beam Dwell Time in a Specific Direction with Time‐Dependent Frequency Offset

ABSTRACT The frequency diverse array (FDA) exhibits distinct characteristics from traditional phased arrays by introducing small frequency offsets among the array elements. This paper delves into the relationship between time‐dependent frequency offset (TDFO) and the FDA beam direction in a specific direction and derives the corresponding variation in beam dwell time. By applying the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm to optimise TDFO parameters, we effectively enhance control over the FDA beam's dwell time in the targeted direction. Simulation results validate the feasibility of this approach in multi‐target and multi‐user communication scenarios. Not only does this approach improve the flexibility of the FDA beam, it also provides novel insights for dynamic beam control in complex communication environments.