Experimental evaluation of the optimum applied pressure and number of cuffs for artificial sphincter in fluid flow control in an ex vivo model

Using double cuffs with symmetrical pressure had a greater effect compared with a single cuff with the same tensile force. Although multiple cuffs with varying tensile forces were not found to be useful in controlling urine leakage in this study, it is suggested that applying variable forces alternately and rotationally among several cuffs may reduce long-term risks such as atrophy and necrosis. Future <i>in vivo</i> studies are recommended to further evaluate efficiency.