Shoulder Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: Implications of Motor Subtypes, Disease Severity, and Spinopelvic Alignment

PD patients experience shoulder dysfunction in various ways, including decreased ASES scores, limited ROM, and increased shoulder muscle stiffness. Our study highlighted the impact of PD motor subtype, disease severity, and spinopelvic alignment on the development of shoulder dysfunction, offering deeper insights into the pathophysiological basis of shoulder disorders in PD.