Double vulnerability? Examining the effect of living in nonmetropolitan areas within non-expansion Medicaid states on health status among working-age adults in the United States, 2022–2024

In this nationally representative and racially diverse sample, we found that individuals residing in nonmetropolitan areas in non-expansion Medicaid states were more likely to report poor/fair self-reported health status. This effect was present for the majority of the population subgroups. Our findings underscore the double vulnerability faced by populations living in these residence-policy overlaps and the need for targeted interventions.