Z-score variants for assessing the banking business in Bulgaria for the period 2007-2023

The years from 2007 to the present can hardly be described as calm. The global financial and economic crisis, the Eurozone debt crisis, COVID-19, the war in Ukraine, innovations, competition from the non-banking sector, the preferences and attitudes of new generations, deflation followed by high inflation, the energy crisis, and more are just some of the factors that characterize this period as "turbulent and highly dynamic." The effects triggered by these factors have, on the one hand, led to changes in regulations, and on the other, accelerated the pace of innovation and the introduction of a new type of banking. This new banking approach combines security and traditional resilience while adapting to the demands of modern times. This study seeks to answer the questions: "How financially stable are banks in Bulgaria (as of 2023) during the period from 2007 to the present?" and "Have the events of the past nearly two decades had an impact on the banking sector in the country?"