An Overview of Shared Mobility Operational Models in Europe

Climate change is an urgent issue, and the current mindset of private ownership, particularly of private vehicles, needs to shift. Shared mobility is rapidly emerging as a key part of the solution to contemporary transportation challenges, driven by technological advancements and the growing demand for more sustainable travel options. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of shared mobility operational models in Europe, focusing on carsharing and its current research on fleet optimization, bikesharing, and scooter sharing. The study draws on three scientific literature databases, with searches centered on keywords relevant to Shared Mobility. This study contributes to the literature by defining each Shared Mobility modality and examining the different operational models.