Changes in cytokine profile of M1 macrophages with administration of Swarna vachadi yoga - An observation

Background: Swarna prashana is an ancient method of administering Swarna bhasma and specified herbs in a medium of ghee and honey to boost immunity of children. One of the formulations Swarna vachadi yoga (SVY) containing Swarna bhasma, Vacha, Kushtha, Madhu (honey), and Ghrita (clarified butter) is widely used to treat recurrent respiratory viral infections in children. Aim: To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of SVY and ascertain its agreement with traditional usage. Methods: Human-derived monocytic cell line THP-1 was used for this study. Upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, these cells differentiate into M1 macrophages and secrete inflammatory cytokines. Expression levels of these cytokines were studied upon treatment with SVY. Results: The treatment of macrophages derived from THP-1 cells with SVY resulted in alteration of cytokine expression level. SVY increases Interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, and suppresses IL-6 and interferon gamma. The treatment also changed the morphology of these macrophages suggestive of its anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion: This study reports the possible mode of action of SVY in reducing the severity of recurrent respiratory infections in children.