Site‐Selective Carbonylation of Azetidines via Copper‐Catalyzed Difluorocarbene Insertion

Abstract γ‐Lactams are privileged five‐membered pharmaco‐phores in numerous bioactive compounds, but access to these motifs typically relies on cycloaddition/substitution chemistry involving activated substrates or CO carbonylations under harsh conditions. Here, we report a new route to functionalized γ‐lactams through formal carbonylation of azetidines under nonprecious metal catalysis. The method leverages a copper‐stabilized difluorocarbene to promote site‐selective insertion followed by in situ hydrolysis to unmask the lactam group. In contrast to most difluorocarbene reactions that cause ring cleavage of saturated heterocycles in the presence of heat, the present system operates at a low temperature and retains the integrity of the cyclic structure. Synthesis of various drug‐like lactams and a therapeutic agent for diabetes highlights utility.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie
Published
2025-04-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202505033
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.94
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article

Site‐Selective Carbonylation of Azetidines via Copper‐Catalyzed Difluorocarbene Insertion

Tong‐De Tan, Ming Joo Koh, Fang Zhou
1 citations
Angewandte Chemie
Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions
0.94
article

Site‐Selective Carbonylation of Azetidines via Copper‐Catalyzed Difluorocarbene Insertion

Tong‐De Tan, Ming Joo Koh, Fang Zhou
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Abstract γ‐Lactams are privileged five‐membered pharmaco‐phores in numerous bioactive compounds, but access to these motifs typically relies on cycloaddition/substitution chemistry involving activated substrates or CO carbonylations under harsh conditions. Here, we report a new route to functionalized γ‐lactams through formal carbonylation of azetidines under nonprecious metal catalysis. The method leverages a copper‐stabilized difluorocarbene to promote site‐selective insertion followed by in situ hydrolysis to unmask the lactam group. In contrast to most difluorocarbene reactions that cause ring cleavage of saturated heterocycles in the presence of heat, the present system operates at a low temperature and retains the integrity of the cyclic structure. Synthesis of various drug‐like lactams and a therapeutic agent for diabetes highlights utility.

Angewandte ChemieVol. 137(24)
National University of Singapore (SG)
Openalex Percentile: Top 27%
Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions
0.94
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