Studying Bearing Characteristics and Calculation Models of Karst Cave Roof Utilizing Digital Modeling

ABSTRACT Given the increasing use of rock-socketed piles in karst regions and the inherent complexity of karst geological problems, this work studied the bearing characteristics of karst cave roofs under rock-socketed piles in karst regions using digital modeling and polyvinyl alcohol three-dimensional printing. By focusing on key parameters such as cave roof thickness, height, and span, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of their impacts on load-bearing behavior. The findings reveal that cave height has the least influence on bearing capacity, whereas the span affects vertical displacement and ultimate load. Notably, the thickness of the cave roof is the most critical factor, significantly altering failure modes and enhancing bearing capacity. A novel theoretical model based on punching-shear failure theory is developed and validated through experimental data. This innovative approach offers a refined understanding of load transfer mechanisms and failure patterns, contributing to more accurate predictions and safer design practices in karst regions.