Multimode nature of spacetime entanglement in QFT
We demonstrate the presence of multimode entanglement in the vacuum state of a free, massless scalar quantum field in four-dimensional flat spacetime between two sets of field modes, each contained within a spacetime region that is causally disconnected from the other. This is true despite the fact that entanglement between pairs of individual field modes is sparse and appears only when the two individual modes are carefully selected. Our results reveal that, while entanglement between individual modes is limited, bipartite multimode entanglement in quantum field theory is ubiquitous. We further argue that such multimode entanglement is operationally extractable, and it forms the basis of the entanglement commonly discussed in entanglement harvesting protocols.
Authors
- T. Rick Perche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-7117)
- José Polo-Gómez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4828-3049)
- Patricia Ribes-Metidieri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7607-9785)
- Iván Agulló (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-1126)
- Bruno de S. L. Torres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-5068)
- Béatrice Bonga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-9517)
- Eduardo Martín-Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0962-2047)
- Sergi Nadal-Gisbert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-6277)
Institutions
- Louisiana State University (US)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Perimeter Institute (CA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
- Published
- 2025-04-07
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.085013
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.77
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Louisiana Board of Regents
- “la Caixa” Foundation
- Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Government of Canada
- Academy of Finland
- Industry Canada
- Fundación Bancaria Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona
- Institut Périmètre de physique théorique
- Ministry of Colleges and Universities
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada