Post calcaneal osteomyelitis in adults

Background Osteomyelitis is a detrimental inflammatory condition affecting the bone that is induced by infecting microorganism. It frequently manifests in the lower extremities and is frequently caused by direct invasion of bacteria from implants or adjacent tissues. Methods This systematic review study on human subjects collected from different medical websites in the period from 2000 to 2020 in which treatment of post-traumatic calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) was studied. This research incorporated 10 papers that met the predetermined criteria. Results The overall incidence of calcaneal ulcer in CO of the studied literature was a mean of 66% of all studied cases. There is a highly statistically significant comparison between healed and failed outcome as regard the debridement procedure. There is a statistically highly significant ( P =0.000) comparison between healed and failed outcomes in meta-analysis for the outcome of partial calcanectomy (PC) procedure, total calcanectomy (TC) procedure, and amputation procedure in the studied literature. Conclusions When considering chronic CO, bone preserving operations (debridement alone or in conjunction with drilling, flaps, and application) yielded lower patient satisfaction with treatment, and walking ability, inferior infection control that was nearly equivalent to that of TC or PC. In chronic diffuse CO, drilling the calcaneus and applying an antibiotic-containing collagen sponge appears to be a viable alternative to TC or PC for ambulatory patients, with functional outcomes and satisfactory efficacy.