Evaluation of Osseoues Alteration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Digital Panoramic Radiography

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often invades bone, particularly in advanced stages, affecting prognosis and treatment decisions. Panoramic radiographs (orthopantomogram) are commonly used to detect such osseous changes. Objective: To evaluate bone involvement in OSCC using panoramic radiographs and to correlate these changes with clinical stages of cancer. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted over 2 years on 60 patients diagnosed with OSCC. Panoramic radiographs were used to assess bone involvement, and findings were correlated with tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stages. Results: Erosive changes were the most prevalent, while infiltrative changes were observed primarily in advanced stages. The mandibular body, particularly on the left side, was the most frequently affected site. No statistically significant correlation was found between TNM stages and patterns of bone involvement. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs are effective for assessing bone involvement in OSCC, particularly in detecting erosive and infiltrative changes.