Kidney damage in COVID-19. Literature review

The coronavirus has emerged as a global health threat due to its rapid geographical spread over the past two decades. This article explores the current understanding of the origin, transmission, diagnosis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, the kidneys may be among the target organs for infection with the coronavirus of the 2nd severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COV-2). Regardless of the initial kidney function, acute kidney injury is a common complication of COVID-19 associated with increased morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 most often causes acute tubular necrosis; however, collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and direct viral tropism of the kidneys have also been documented in some cases. AKI, secondary to COVID-19, has a multifactorial origin. The data presented in the review will help to understand the features of the development and course of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19, especially with prolonged viral infection.