Association of Intelectin Gene Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the North Indian Population

Background: Intelectin 1 is an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine involved in the regulation of insulin secretion. Genetic variations in the coding region of Intelectin can cause hyperglycemia due to impaired glucose levels, increasing the susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: This study examines the genetic variations in the Intelectin 1 coding region, specifically rs2274907 and rs2274908. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 300 participants: 150 individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (fasting glucose >125 mg/dL) and 150 healthy controls (fasting glucose <125 mg/dL). The frequencies of rs2274907 and rs2274908 polymorphisms were analyzed using the Tetra Amplification refractory Mutation system and allele-specific PCR, respectively. Results: The study identified a significant association between specific gene variations and increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The TT genotype of rs2274907 showed a higher frequency in the diabetes group (15.33%) compared to the control group (3.33%), with a model of TT vs. AT+AA: X²=12.76, P=0.0004, OR=5.25, and 95% CI=1.93-14.21. Similarly, the AA genotype of rs2274908 was more frequent in the diabetes group (26.66%) compared to the control group (7.33%), with a model of AA vs. AG+GG: X²=18.52, P=0.0001, OR=4.59, and 95% CI=2.25-9.3. Conclusion: This is the first study of the North Indian population suggesting that specific Intelectin 1 gene variations (TT genotype of rs2274907 and AA genotype of rs2274908) are associated with an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Variations in Intelectin 1 may impact protein function and stability, serving as potential biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and targets for personalized medicine. Keywords: ITLN1, Case-control, Genetic variation, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus