«THE LINNAEUS OF THE UMBELLIFERAE»: GEORG FRANZ HOFFMANN, THE FOUNDER OF SCIADOGRAPHY IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF MOSCOW UNIVERSITY

The article traces milestones of the formation and development of sciadography in the Botanical Garden of Moscow University in the 19-20th centuries in the aspect of the history of science. In accordance with the logic of the development of scientific knowledge, taxonomic ideas about the Umbelliferae were transformed as research methods improved. Studying of the Umbelliferae became a specialty of the Botanical Garden of Moscow University. The evolution of approaches to the construction of the system of this family of angiosperms is considered: from G.F. Hoffmann’s artificial system (early 19th century), based on comparative morphological data, to B.M. Kozo-Polyansky’s natural system (early 20th century), based on the principles of evolutionary morphology, and further, to phylogenetic systematics based on modern research methods and quantitative methods of data processing. This approach was developed by V.N. Tikhomirov and M.G. Pimenov, their colleagues and students (since the 1970s). January 2025 marks the 265th anniversary of the birth of G.F. Hoffmann (1760-1826) and the 135th anniversary of the birth of B.M. Kozo-Polyansky (1890-1957).