BIOGEOCHEMICAL STANDARDS: DEVELOPMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS OF THE MSU PROFESSORS V.I. VERNADSKY, V.A. KOVDAAND M.A. GLAZOVSKAYA

In development of fundamental ideas of the MSU professors V.I. Vernadsky, V.A. Kovda and M.A. Glazovskaya in the field of the biosphere and its biogeochemical organization, the use of biogeochemical standards for parameterization of the technogenic impact on various ecosystems is proposed. To assess these standards quantitatively, the application of the critical loads methodology is shown. Algorithms to calculate the values of critical loads are proposed, in particular, for acid-forming and eutrophicating sulfur and nitrogen compounds emitted during the operation of various industries, including the oil and gas one. Using the example of the impact zone of the Central Asia-Center main gas pipeline planned for reconstruction, the maps of critical loads are presented and an assessment of the environmental risk in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea is given.