Integrated Approaches to Diabetes-related Vascular and Neurological Complications: Advances and Challenges

Diabetes mellitus is a major global health burden, with prevalence predicted to spiral exponentially over the next few decades.The chronic metabolic syndrome that this and similar conditions represent is associated with a plethora of vascular and nerve complications that account for substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures.Hyperglycemia-mediated endothelial dysfunction, through its vascular sequelae-microvascular and macrovascular complicationsdefines angiopathy (e.g., retinopathy, nephropathy) and hypertension (as an example of peripheral arteriolosclerosis), which are pathways for vascular complications.Likewise, neurological complications, including peripheral neuropathy and the comorbid cognitive reserve and information on autonomic dysfunction, are thought to integrate through mechanisms such as axonal transport Review Article