Research Review on Non-structural Protein 3 (NS3) of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Its Potential Applications in Vaccine Development

Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) is a virus that poses a serious threat to the pig farming industry, and its non-structural protein 3 (NS3) plays a key role in the virus's replication, pathogenicity, and immune evasion.In recent years, with the deepening research on CSFV NS3, its important roles in viral biology and immunology have gradually been revealed.NS3 is not only involved in the replication process of CSFV but also engages in complex interactions with the host immune system, promoting the virus's immune evasion.However, despite numerous studies exploring the functional mechanisms and structural characteristics of NS3, the specific applications of CSFV NS3 in vaccine development still face shortcomings and challenges.This article aims to review the latest research progress on CSFV NS3, analyze its potential as a vaccine target, and provide new ideas and directions for future vaccine development and virus control strategies.