TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY: CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE

Every year, the planet loses 24 billion tonnes of fertile land, which affects 3.2 billion people.According to the FAO, in Ukraine alone, 20% of agricultural land has suffered significant degradation, and the rest is under threat.If this trend continues, by 2050, 95% of the earth's surface will be covered by degraded soils [1].Soil degradation is one of the main processes that threatens food supply and is recognised as one of the most important challenges at the global level for food security and sustainable development worldwide.The decline in fertility due to the constant loss of humus indicates that farmers do not fully understand the causes and nature of the destruction of this organic matter.Today, scientists have identified three main factors of soil fertility decline: biological, physicochemical and mechanical.The decomposition of humus by biological means is a natural process that ensures normal plant nutrition, and it is fundamentally impossible to stop it.The return of organic matter to the soil will ensure a balance of humus decomposition and its formation.To achieve a deficit-free humus balance, it is advisable to apply 8-16 tonnes per hectare of organic fertilisers or green manure, depending on soil and climatic conditions.Just like the biological process, the physical and chemical process of humus destruction cannot be stopped, as it occurs under the influence of precipitation in the surface soil layer.To some extent, this process can be prevented by using minimum tillage technologies, which leave mulch on the surface of the field to protect the soil from direct rainfall.Scientifically based systematic application of calcium-containing fertilisers also helps to preserve soil.As you can see, soil fertility decline is a multifaceted problem, but the most subjective cause of humus destruction is human activity.Under the synergistic influence of biological, physical, chemical and especially mechanical factors, the structure of the surface soil layer (8-10 cm) gradually deteriorates over time.Dusty (disintegrated) particles of the soil after the first precipitation are cemented into high-density macroaggregates.In practice, the loosening of the surface soil layer used under such conditions does not solve the BIOLOGY TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY: CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE 48 for the development of combined therapeutic strategies that consider the impact of the microbiota on metabolic processes within the tumor microenvironment.