Bimetallic Iron/Cobalt Metal–Organic Framework Spindles Decorated on Nickel Foam for Direct Copper Fuel Cells

Copper, known for its durability and excellent electrical conductivity, is in high demand for the production of electronic devices and water distribution systems. However, population growth, technological advancements, and consumer behavior have significantly increased the level of electronic waste and scrap metal, particularly copper wiring. Herein, we report facile bimetallic Fe/Co-MOF (iron/cobalt–metal organic framework) nanospindles deposited onto nickel foam as an electrocatalyst for direct copper cell applications. The detailed spindle-like morphology of Fe/Co-MOF is confirmed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization, and further X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirm its crystallinity. This electrocatalyst demonstrates a maximum mass activity of 1.2 A/g (scrap) at an onset potential of 0.55 V (vs Hg/HgO). The enhanced performance of Fe/Co-MOF@NF electrode is accredited to increased metal ions, improving pore structures and creating more active sites. The synergistic interaction between different metal ions and guest molecules improves electrochemical properties, making it an efficient fuel cell electrocatalyst. The Fe/Co-MOF@NF electrode demonstrates outstanding stability with ∼89% capacity retention after 50,000 s for scrap (electronic waste). Fe/Co-MOF@NF’s remarkable stability, durability, and promising performance in direct copper fuel cell (DCFC) applications distinguish it as a new technology for large-scale electrochemical energy generation, making it a strong contender for fulfilling future industrial energy demands. To validate its real-time applicability, powering light-emitting diodes (LEDs) showcased the fuel cell in a proof-of-concept demonstration, where the copper fuel cell effectively energized a red LED.