Identification and Characterization of Pathogenic Microbial Flora Associated with Abnormal Vaginal Discharge: A Microbiological Examination Study

Abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) is a common gynecological issue that affects a large number of women globally. One of the primary causes of this condition is the presence of pathogenic microbes in the vaginal microbiome. It is essential to make a microbiological diagnosis in cases of recurrent or treatment-resistant vaginal discharge. The present study aimed to investigate the pathogenic microbial flora associated with AVD using microbiological and biochemical examination. Total 100 samples were examined for microbiological analysis of abnormal vaginal discharge. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Gardnerella vaginalis (39 cases), Candida albicans (28 cases), Ureaplasma urealyticum (21 cases), Group-B Streptococcus and E.coli (13 cases). Less common pathogens included Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The study found that younger women, particularly in the 25–34 age group, were more frequently affected by infections, especially those caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans. Socioeconomic, lifestyle and personal hygiene factors such as douching with soap, lower education levels and middle-income status, were associated with increased risk of infections. The identification and characterization of these pathogenic microbial flora can provide valuable insights into the etiology of this condition as well as potential therapeutic interventions.