Effect of UV Photo Functionalization on the Antimicrobial Properties of Implants in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet UV photo functionalization on the antimicrobial properties in implants installed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study included 74 patients with diabetes with unilateral/bilateral missing teeth (aged 36 to 63 years). The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups; Group-A included 38 patients with UV photo functionalized 204 implants and Group-B included 36 patients with non UV photo functionalized 183 implants. The clinical parameters of the dental implants were evaluated by assessing PD, BOP, MBL 6 months, 12 months, and 3 years after implant installation, compared with values at last follow-up. Concentrations of interleukin IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines in blood serum were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After implant surgery, the patients in Group-A had minimal postoperative reactions including swelling, discoloration, discomfort, hematomas. After implant surgery, the patients in Group-B had a mild postoperative reaction including swelling and discomfort. Preoperative serum IL-1β levels and TNF-α in Group-A and Group-B patients did not differ significantly. After implant surgery indicators of cytokines markers show correlation with Group-A and Group-B, the rates of IL-1β levels and TNF-α are higher in patients of Group-B. Analysis of the results showed the greatest increase in the rates of IL-1β levels and TNF-α in peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis. The survival rate of implants in Group A patients is 97.3% and in Group B patients is 94.2% after five-years. The results of the study showed that monitoring levels of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β may aid in the early diagnosis of peri-implantitis and prognosis in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.