Apigenin: A Natural Flavonoid with Therapeutic Potential in Cancer Mechanisms, Physiochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties, and Future Perspectives

Apigenin (APG), a flavonoid found in various fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has gained attention for its anticancer properties. This review summarizes the various botanical origins, physiochemical & biopharmaceutical properties of APG and its anticancer activity across different cancer types by investigating its effects on various cancer cell lines, underlying mechanisms, and effective doses. Studies indicate that APG exerts its anticancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and promoting autophagy. Additionally, APG has been shown to trigger necroptosis in cancer cells, contributing to its anticancer potential. The data highlights the ability of APG to suppress cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion, with varying effective doses depending on the cancer type. This review exhibits the potential of APG as a promising anticancer agent, revealing its therapeutic applications. However, further research, particularly clinical trials, is needed to optimize dosing and assess its full therapeutic potential in cancer treatment