Anatomical Variations of Extrahepatic Biliary Tract and Related Vessels during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

OBJECTIVES This study aims to add to the existing knowledge by evaluating the frequency of usual pathologies in the biliary system and blood vessels observed during Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Surgery Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from November 2022 to November 2023. The study comprised 65 patients aged 18-50 with known cases of cholelithiasis. Exclusion criteria included patients with empyema gallbladder, gallbladder carcinoma, and a history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension.RESULTSThe mean age of patients was 40.1±3.95 years, with females comprising 64.6% and males comprising 35.4% of the sample. Overall, extrahepatic biliary tract anomalies were found in 24.6% of cases. The incidence of anatomic variations in the present study was as follows; a short cystic duct was the most frequent variation observed in the present study and was found in 9.2%, followed by a long cystic duct (7.7%), duct of Luschka, and Moynihan hump anomaly (3.1% each). CONCLUSION Out of all the parameters, short cystic duct predominated, emphasizing the significance of a perfect surgical approach. The fact that anomalies are distributed equally across the various demographics underlines their inherent attributes. These findings call for further research that will enhance the performance of surgeries and the benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy treatments.