Research Overview of the Heart Retransplantation

近年来，越来越多的终末期心脏病患者选择心脏移植手术，随着手术量的逐步增加，越来越多的患者出现了移植术后严重并发症，这时，再次心脏移植(heart retransplantation, RTx)成为了此类患者恢复健康的重要选择。RTx一般因出现移植物功能衰竭、排斥反应、移植物血管病变(cardiac allograft vasculopathy, CAV)或其他严重并发症等，需要再次进行心脏移植手术。虽然RTx可以挽救部分患者的生命，但手术较复杂、预后差，且面临供体分配和伦理争议等挑战。本文描述了TRx的适应症与禁忌症、术后并发症以及相关伦理问题，探讨了相关研究进展。In recent years, an increasing number of end-stage heart disease patients have chosen heart transplant surgery. With the gradual increase in the number of surgeries, more and more patients have developed severe postoperative complications. In such cases, retransplantation (heart retransplantation, RTx) has become an important option for these patients to recover their health. RTx is generally required when complications such as graft dysfunction, rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), or other severe complications occur, necessitating another heart transplant surgery. Although RTx can save the lives of some patients, it is a complex procedure with a poor prognosis and faces challenges such as organ allocation and ethical controversies. This article describes the indications and contraindications for RTx, postoperative complications, and related ethical issues, and explores the progress of relevant research.