Consumer-Grade Electroencephalography Devices for the Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Youth

Background: Consumer-grade electroencephalography devices have become increasingly available over the last decade. These devices have been used in a clinical setting, notably for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Aims: The aim of this study was to chart peer-review articles that used currently available consumer-grade electroencephalography devices to support neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosis, identifying neural biomarkers. We provide an overview of the research conducted with Nautilus, Enobio, Mindwave and others. We also inform future research by exploring the current and potential scope of consumer-grade for neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosis in youth. Methods: We followed a five-stage methodological framework for a scoping review that included a systematic search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA- ScR) guidelines. We searched the Pubmed and Web of Science electronic databases, charting study data according to neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosis for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder and level of clinical evidence. Results: We identified 7 studies that used data recorded with consumer-grade electroencephalography evaluating neurodevelopmental disorders in youth. Attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis was the most studied with consumer-grade electroencephalography devices, followed by Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder. Several methodologies used with consumer-grade electroencephalography devices and give insight into promising electroencephalographic biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusion: Consumer-grade electroencephalography has proven to be a useful tool to support classification and diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. This review provides a comprehensive review of their applications, as well as future directions for the use of these devices under naturalistic clinical settings.