A novel integrated assessment model: selecting competitions in line with the Olympic spirit

By developing a model, this study assessed whether sports, disciplines, and events (SDEs) meet International Olympic Committee (IOC) standards. Firstly, the essential information and competition results of Olympic athletes in the past years were collected, and the body mass index (BMI) and age were used as indicators of athletes' sports performance. The athletes' performance was scored by a K-means clustering algorithm and hierarchical analysis (AHP), thus assessing the popularity and accessibility of the program. Secondly, the study also considered factors such as gender ratio, inclusiveness, innovation, safety, and fair play and predicted that the potential new sports to be added to the Brisbane Olympics in 2032 would be skateboard rowing, skateboard rowing, sandboarding, and baseball/softball. Finally, the study conducted sensitivity analyses to test the model's robustness and identify the factors in the model that had the most significant impact on the SDE scores. Visibility, accessibility, and inclusivity were the most critical indicators influencing the SDE scores, suggesting that the model can better reflect reality and be used as a decision-making tool.