Geopolitical Theoretical Perspective on the Russia-U.S. Competition for Interests in Central and Eastern Europe

This article analyzes the competition for interests between Russia and the United States in Central and Eastern Europe from a geopolitical perspective. By reviewing Mackinder’s “Heartland Theory,” Mahan’s “Sea Power Theory,” and Spykman’s “Rimland Theory,” the article highlights the critical role of geographical location and resource competition in international power struggles. Russia focuses on energy and security strategies, while the U.S. emphasizes NATO expansion and military deployment. The Russia-Ukraine conflict serves as a vivid microcosm of their current strategic rivalry, forcing Central and Eastern European countries to choose between aligning with the West and maintaining autonomy.