A Smart Decision Framework for Sustainable Managementof C&D Waste Using Picture Fuzzy Decision Model

Urbanization and rapid population growth have significantly accelerated the development of urban infrastructure, resulting in an unprecedented surge in construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The unregulated accumulation of this waste poses severe environmental and societal challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater contamination, and land degradation. This issue is particularly critical in developing countries, where waste generation is directly linked to population density and industrialization. Given the limited availability of landfill space and the adverse environmental impacts of conventional dumping, the implementation of efficient and sustainable waste management strategies has become imperative. Although several waste treatment and recycling methods exist, selecting the most suitable alternative remains a complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem due to the interplay of technical, environmental, and economic factors. This study proposes a systematic decision-making framework under a picture fuzzy MCDM environment to evaluate and rank sustainable C&D waste management solutions. A subjective weighting technique is utilized to determine the relative importance of each criterion, while a compromise ranking method is applied to identify the most promising alternative. The findings reveal that carbonation emerges as the optimal solution due to its potential for maximum waste reduction and enhanced sustainability. The proposed framework provides valuable insights for industry professionals and policymakers, facilitating effective C&D waste management practices and contributing to broader global sustainability objectives.