The roles of stakeholders in supply chain sustainability challenges: the case of coffee chain in West Java Province, Indonesia

Abstract This study explores the roles and interactions of stakeholders within the coffee supply chain across several districts in West Java, including Bandung, Garut, Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, and Bogor. Utilizing the MICMAC and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) This analysis focuses on coffee farmers, cooperatives, agricultural extension workers, financial institutions, universities, and agricultural agencies. The research identifies key factors influencing the sustainability and efficiency of the supply chain, such as extreme weather, environmental risks, inconsistent raw material quality, suboptimal processing practices, delays in raw material delivery, dependence on single suppliers, price fluctuations, government regulations, production failures, and technological limitations in processing. The findings highlight the challenges faced by farmers, including production risks and market instability, while cooperatives facilitate market access and training but are constrained by price volatility and limited financial resources. Agricultural extension workers support knowledge transfer and sustainable practices; financial institutions provide risk-based financing; universities contribute technological innovation; and agricultural agencies maintain quality standards. By integrating MICMAC and ISM methods, this study maps the hierarchical relationships between these factors and their interdependencies, offering a structured framework for prioritizing interventions. The research underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to strengthen farmer capacities, manage risks, and drive innovation. Strategies such as adopting blockchain for supply chain transparency, product diversification, and flexible financing models are identified as critical to enhancing the resilience, sustainability, and global competitiveness of the coffee supply chain in West Java.