Optimisation of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology and Identification of Thymoquinone from Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Extract

Thymoquinone is a bioactive compound found in black cumin seeds, known for its potent antioxidant and immunity boosting properties. This research was conducted achieve the best possible extraction conditions for bioactive substances. Additionally, the results support the potential of thymoquinone as a therapeutic agent to treat various health conditions. The novelty lies in the development and optimisation of extraction techniques to maximise the yield and bioactivity of thymoquinone, a compound renowned for its robust antioxidant and immune-modulating properties. This work uniquely bridges the gap between the traditional use of black cumin and modern scientific validation, and addresses global health priorities. The results emphasise the importance of <i>Nigella sativa</i> as a sustainable and natural source of health-promoting compounds, meeting the increasing demand for plant-based bioactive compounds in preventive healthcare. By characterising the extraction conditions and demonstrating therapeutic potential of thymoquinone, this study contributes to both the scientific literature and practical advances in the development of functional food and nutraceuticals.