Modele și practici internaționale aplicate în managementul migrației

This paper examines international and European models and practices applied in migration management. The findings demonstrate that in France, the assimilation model, based on the principle of jus soli, promotes cultural homogeneity and national identity while addressing significant demographic issues. Germany applies a segregation model grounded in the principle of jus sanguinis, which emphasizes ethnic criteria. In contrast, the United Kingdom promotes a pluralistic approach to migration management, encouraging the harmonious coexistence of different cultural and ethnic groups within a diverse society. The adaptation model for migration flows, used by several countries in the European region, assumes that migrants adjust their behaviours, values, and norms to conform to the host society while preserving their ethnic and cultural identity. In Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, hybrid models are applied, combining interventionist approaches with the selection of migrants based on their human capital. Although the European Union has established a common framework for migration management across member states, national migration policies remain divergent, and the implementation of EU directives and regulations is often fragmented and insufficient. On the international level, a comprehensive intergovernmental agreement, the Global Compact for Migration, has been adopted to address all dimensions of international migration, aiming to ensure safe, orderly, and regulated migration. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that given that the Republic of Moldova is in the process of negotiating its integration into the European Union, adjusting the national legislative and regulatory framework to European standards will be a necessary measure for effective migration management.