Dinamica mortalității premature din perspectiva abordărilor și indicatorilor statistici diferiți

The evolution of premature mortality represents a critical indicator of population health and social development, with profound implications for economic sustainability and the capacity of health systems to effectively respond to demographic needs. This article aims to analyse the dynamics of premature mortality from 2000 to 2019 through two methodological approaches – traditional and alternative/dynamic. To achieve the proposed aim, traditional indicators – the share of premature deaths based on a predetermined age threshold – and alternative indicators – lifespan disparity and the derived age threshold that divides deaths into premature and late – were calculated. All the indicators used in this analysis highlighted a clear trend of reducing premature mortality for both sexes while also showing discrepancies between males and females. Both the share of premature deaths up to the age threshold of 65 and the indicator regarding lifespan disparity, and subsequently the threshold derived from it, clearly point to a periodisation of premature mortality over the analysed time horizon – a period of growth/stagnation between 2000-2010 and then a period of constant reduction in premature mortality from 2011-2019. The comparison of the results obtained based on the share of premature deaths and the dynamic age threshold, which separates premature deaths from "late" ones, highlights the limitations of using a fixed and uniform threshold for both sexes. The age threshold of 65 has long been exceeded for females, whereas for males, it is only beginning to be reached. In conclusion, both approaches provide a perspective on premature mortality, and using one or the other depends on the context and the scientific or practical interest guiding them.