COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SALIVARY ENDOTHELIN-1 LEVELS PERIODONTITISSUBJECTS FOLLOWING NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY (NSPT) WITHADJUNCTIVE PHOTOBIOMODULATION AND NSPT ALONE: A PROSPECTIVEINTERVENTIONAL STUDY

Background: Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) effectively reduces microbial load and inflammation in Periodontitis; however, adjunctive therapies such as photobiomodulation (PBM) have been proposed to enhance outcomes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), an inflammatory biomarker, has been associated with periodontal disease progression, yet its levels in saliva remain under-investigated, thus we aimed to comparatively assess salivary ET1 levels in periodontitis patients undergoing NSPT alone versus NSPT combined with photobiomodulation. Material and methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded study involved 96 subjects divided equally into three groups: healthy controls, generalized periodontitis treated with NSPT alone, and periodontitis treated with NSPT and photobiomodulation. Clinical periodontal parameters and levels of salivary ET-1 were recorded at baseline and on the 21st day. Results: Results demonstrated significantly elevated levels of ET-1 in periodontitis patients in comparison to healthy individuals (p=0.002). Both treatment modalities showed improvements in clinical parameters; however, NSPT combined with photobiomodulation significantly reduced ET-1 levels (p=0.048) and improved periodontal outcomes. Conclusion: Adjunctive photobiomodulation enhances the efficacy of NSPT, with salivary ET-1 proving to be promising as a biomarker to monitor periodontal disease and therapeutic response.