Microbiome Modulation-Based Therapeutic Interventions to Target Enhanced Human Health

The potential of gut microbiome in health and diseases has emerged as an area of profound scientific research and clinical exploration that elucidates the correlation of human immune system homeostasis, and metabolic functions with altered diversity of gut microbiota. This further validates the underlying causes and consequences of variability in gut microbiome profiles in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, neurological disorders such as neurodevelopment disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, gastrointestinal inflammations including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Clostridium difficile infection, metabolic diseases including type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, immunomodulation and certain types of cancers. Dietary interventions, fasting regimens, nutritional supplements, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics psychobiotics, bacteriophage, and fecal microbiota transplantation are the possible interventions that open avenues in the near future to exploit individual microbiota profiles in clinical practice as a biomarker for gut health of the patients who are at the risk of developing certain abnormalities and ailments attributed to dysbiosis. The knowledge of the present review on microbiome modulation-based therapeutic interventions to target enhanced human health comprehensively sheds light on how this upcoming field unveils the opportunities for improving human health and for preventing, treating and managing certain autoimmune diseases.