Unveiling the Physicochemical Behaviour of the Homoeopathic Dilutions of Cresol at Ambient Temperatures using Volumetric, Acoustic and Viscometric Methods

The physicochemical studies of Homoeopathy medicines provide better understanding regarding the presence and mechanism of their action in ultra-dilutions. The physicochemical behaviour of dilutions of cresol dilutions have been investigated from the measurements of densities, ?, ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, ? of pure ethanol control and 32 dilutions of cresol dilutions of potencies ranging from 1C to 200C (with intervals of 2C up to 30C and then with intervals of 10 C up to 200 C) at six different temperatures and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data, a number of physicochemical parameters, viz., the isentropic compressibilities, ?s, intermolecular free length, Lf, acoustic impedance, Z, relative association, RA, deviations in isentropic compressibility, ??s, deviations in intermolecular free length, ?Lf, deviations in acoustic impedance, ?Z and deviations in viscosity, ?? have been evaluated. These parameters show anomalous behaviour at certain potencies of these homoeopathic dilutions. The results have been qualitatively discussed in terms of interactions between H+/4-methylphenolate ions and dissipative structures of ethanol-water molecules in these cresol dilutions. The results indicated that that even in ultra-high dilutions (40C to 60C, 80C to 90C, 110C and 170C potencies) the molecules of cresol may be present in these homoeopathic formulations.