Analyzing the impacts of employing demand response and creating optimal coalition on optimal scheduling of multi-microgrid

In the restructured power system, by integrating distributed generators in the near of loads, necessity of installing power plants is eliminated. This work is feasible by introducing small-scale systems, which are presented by the microgrid (MG) concept. To exchange power between seller and buyer MGs, they should pay costs to the distribution network operator (DNO), which are called service charges. In this paper, creating a proper coalition is suggested for optimal management of a multi-MG system. In each load level, MGs, to minimize their service charge and maximize their benefits and feed their demands for energy at low prices and sell them exceeded energy at high price, are placed in different coalition. Shapely value game theory is used to create the best coalitions. Results verify the positive impacts of creating a coalition in maximizing the MGs benefits by minimizing their service charge. In this paper main function is introduced as benefit function for all of MGs and DNO. Service charge costs is considered in the benefit function and problem is solved in two cases, with and without employing demand response (DR) programs. Problem is solved from different point of views. Results verify the efficiency of the proposed approach in maximizing benefit functions of each side. From independent system operator (ISO), DNO, MG and customer points of view, time of use (TOU), critical peak pricing (CPP), combination of TOU and emergency demand response program (EDRP) and EDRP have the best responses, respectively.