Different planting techniques and potassium management strategies to improve growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays) in north plain zone of India

The study assessed the impact of crop establishment methods and potassium management practices on maize productivity, growth and physiological parameters. Three crop establishment techniques, viz. Raised bed planting RBP, Zero tillage (ZT) and Conventional tillage (CT) and 6 potassium management options, including combinations with potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) were assessed. Results showed that RB planting consistently outperformed ZT and CT in grain and straw yields, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index. RB enhanced grain yield by 6.5% and 15.2% compared to ZT and CT, respectively. Potassium management, particularly 100% K combined with KSB, significantly improved all measured parameters. This treatment achieved a 19.1% higher grain yield than K (control) and 4.6% over 100% K alone. It was also increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index by up to 33.2% compared to K (control). The integration of RB planting with 100% K + KSB led to superior canopy development, efficient nutrient utilization and improved harvest index, showcasing their combined potential for sustainable maize production. These findings underscore the importance of optimized agronomic practices in achieving higher yields and resource efficiency in maize cultivation.