The Challenges of Prosecuting Non-state actors under the International Criminal Law

There is an increasing rate of violence in the 21st century in the international arena from terrorismto war crimes to crimes against humanity. Not limited to only state actors, the perpetrators of suchviolence are much contributed by the non-state actors too. Non-state actors including terrorist groups,rebel factions, and private militias allies of many unrecognized communities across the globe.Prosecution of such non-state actors under International criminal law invites a lot of legal, logistical,procedural, jurisdictional, and ethical challenges, much impacting the efforts of peace and justiceglobally. This article thus analyses such obstacles found in the existing legal frameworks like Romestatute and customary international law. Also, with participatory veneration, the article highlights theneed for a reinforced international legal framework ensuring both the accountability of non-state actorsas well as cooperative mechanisms to mitigate prosecution challenges.