A Study to assess the stigma and discrimination among mothers of children with congenital anomalies

INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies affect approximately 3% of newborns worldwide, contributing to 303,000 neonatal deaths annually. In India, congenital anomalies account for 8–15% of perinatal deaths and 13–16% of neonatal deaths, causing significant physical and psychological strain on caregivers. This descriptive study examines the stigma and discrimination experienced by mothers of children with congenital anomalies. Objectives: To assess social stigma and discrimination among mothers of children with congenital anomalies, to correlate stigma and discrimination, and to associate these with selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Child Health, Chennai, involving 40 mothers of children (1–14 years) with congenital anomalies. Participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. Inclusion criteria required mothers to provide direct care, with no additional children with disabilities or severe illnesses. Data were collected using demographic variables, the Perceived Stigma Scale, and the Perceived Discrimination Scale (SPARQ). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for analysis. Results: The study revealed that 70% of mothers were aged 36–45, 35% were illiterate, and 52% were married. Most resided in rural areas, and 75% had no abortion or stillbirth history. Congenital anomalies were strongly correlated with stigma and discrimination, influenced by maternal factors like age, consanguinity, and anemia, and fetal factors such as stillbirth and low birth weight. Discussion : The study highlighted a positive correlation between stigma and discrimination among mothers of children with congenital anomalies. Addressing associated maternal and fetal factors is crucial in reducing this burden.