From “How” to “Why”: Reinvigorating the Qur’ān as a Living Philosophy

Abstract: The Qur’ān, often approached as a legal and moral guide, has traditionally been interpreted in ways that emphasize specific rulings and rituals. This atomistic engagement, focused on the “how” of Qur’ānic directives, has constrained its broader potential as a living philosophy capable of addressing the fundamental questions of human existence. This essay argues for a shift in focus from “how” to “why” to unlock the Qur’ān’s philosophical depth and transformative vision. By exploring the Qur’ān’s emphasis on purpose, often articulated through its frequent use of the term laʿallakum (so that you may), the essay highlights the text’s invitation to engage in reflective and goal-oriented thinking. Through an examination of historical, theological, and sociopolitical factors, the essay critiques the predominance of legalistic readings that fragment the Qur’ān’s holistic message. It argues for a more integrated approach that balances legal, moral, and philosophical dimensions, enabling Muslims to draw on the Qur’ān as a source of existential guidance and universal ethical values. By asking “why,” Muslims can cultivate critical thinking, reinvigorate personal and collective purpose, and engage in meaningful dialogue with broader philosophical and religious traditions. This reorientation not only enriches Islamic thought but also reaffirms the Qur’ān’s relevance as a dynamic and comprehensive guide to human flourishing in the modern world. Unless stated otherwise, the Qur’ānic translations used in this essay are taken from M. A. S. Abdel Haleem, The Qurʾān: A New Translation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).