Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatments

PCOS involves a hormonal imbalance, with high levels of androgens, leading to symptoms like irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, acne, and hair loss. Women with PCOS commonly experience irregular or absent menstrual periods due to chronic anovulation, impacting fertility and increasing the risk of endometrial cancer. Many individuals with PCOS exhibit insulin resistance, resulting in elevated insulin levels, weight gain, and a heightened risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Polycystic ovaries can be identified through pelvic ultrasound as small follicles, although their presence alone does not confirm a PCOS diagnosis. Lifestyle modifications, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight loss, are key components of PCOS management.