The Predictive Role of Cell Cycle Marker Tumor Protein 53 (TP53) in the Pathophysiology and Biological Behavior of Urinary Bladder Cancer

Background: Nearly 50% of bladder cancers have mutation of the tumor suppressor gene TP53, and 76% of samples had TP53 functionally inactivated. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the TP53 mutational status in patients with invasive bladder cancer (BC) (T2) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy or bladder preservation protocol to predict response and recurrence. Patients and methods: Fifty patients over the age of eighteen and had a primary diagnosis of transitional BC were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study from July, 2023, to July, 2024. The patients had to have enough tissue that was embedded in formalin-fixed paraffin for molecular analysis (DNA extraction from paraffin blocks, followed by conventional PCR and Sanger sequence method).. Results: There was point mutation in 8 patients of various stages (T2, T3 and T4) they were found in exon 4 chromosome 17 namely Pro72Arg was caused by G-C transversion (Those were missense mutation according to NCBI). Regarding gender, age, smoking status, and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, there was no statistically significant difference between cases with and without TP53 mutations (p > 0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between the TP53 mutation and cancer grade (p > 0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between the TP53 mutation and metastasis or treatment response (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between P53 expression and bladder cancer grade. P53 mutations were discovered to be substantially linked to muscle-invasive bladder cancers in their late stages (pT2-pT4). The overall survival of patients with p53 mutations differs significantly from that of patients without p53 abnormalities, according to survival analysis.