Literature and Islamophobia: Cultural and Historical Reflections

Racism and bigotry towards Muslims are a result of Islamophobia. Biased policies and media misperceptions frequently cause that. Due to these anti-Muslim beliefs, Muslims face bias in law, education, and the workplace in several countries. Islamophobia increases hateful speech, jeopardising social harmony. Literary works reflect Islamophobia and impact the public view of Islam and Muslims, as this research shows. The end emphasises how these representations shape society and how literature can reinforce or challenge them. This study opened a conversation about Islamophobia and intercultural understanding. Keywords: keywords; keywords; keywords; keywords; keywords.