Numerical investigation of jet cooling for high-power LEDs using Al2O3-water nanofluid with a multi-nozzle array

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are widely used in lighting, display, and communication due to their high energy efficiency and low cost. With the rapid development of lighting technology, the integration of high-power LEDs has increased, leading to more severe heat dissipation challenges. Traditional passive cooling methods can no longer meet the thermal management needs. Active cooling methods, such as liquid jet cooling, are effective, but most studies have used water as the coolant. This study presents a numerical simulation of multi-nozzle array jet cooling for high-power LEDs using Al2O3-water-based nanoflu However, excessively smallids. The effects of Reynolds number (6000–8000) and nanofluid volume fraction (2 %–6 %) on the thermal performance of a 100 W high-power LED were systematically studied using numerical simulations. The results show that when the Reynolds number increases from 6000 to 8000, the maximum temperature of the LED decreases by 2.5 °C. The cooling effect is optimal when the Al2O3-water-based nanofluid volume fraction is in the range of 2 %–3 %, with the LED chip temperature spanning from a minimum of 48.6 °C to a maximum of 51.6 °C across all monitoring points. Compared to pure water, using a 4 % volume fraction of Al2O3-water-based nanofluid reduces the maximum LED chip temperature by 4.5 °C. Regarding jet cavity parameters, the best cooling performance is achieved with a nozzle diameter of 1 mm, a cavity height of 15 mm, and a nozzle spacing of 4 mm. The findings provide valuable theoretical guidance for the design of LED cooling systems.