Chinese herbal medicine‐derived extracellular vesicle‐like particles: Therapeutic potential and future research approaches

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized structures released by cells into the surrounding milieu, enclosed within a lipid bilayer, and play a pivotal role in facilitating intercellular communication. Although mammalian‐derived EVs possess clinical potential, their production and safety concerns restrict their application. Plant nanovesicles, have emerged as promising alternatives to mammalian‐derived EVs due to their abundance, high yield extraction, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity. In particular, Chinese herbal medicine‐derived extracellular vesicle‐like particles (CHM‐EVLP) paved the way for the modernization of Chinese medicine and hold significant potential as novel pharmacodynamic substances in traditional Chinese medicine. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in CHM‐EVLP research, explores its potential as an innovative therapeutic approach, and proposes research ideas and key focal points for the future advancement of CHM‐EVLP.